{"id":39,"date":"2014-05-05T19:55:27","date_gmt":"2014-05-05T18:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.wordpress.com\/?p=39"},"modified":"2014-05-05T19:55:27","modified_gmt":"2014-05-05T18:55:27","slug":"le-logos-logos-dans-le-contexte-hellenistique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/?p=39","title":{"rendered":"Le \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 et le Nouveau Testament"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 est un concept qui appara\u00eet au 6e si\u00e8cle av JC et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 explicit\u00e9 \u2013 si on peut dire \u2013 par H\u00e9raclite d\u2019\u00c9ph\u00e8se qui d\u00e9plorait que \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>ce logos qui \u00ab\u00a0est toujours\u00a0\u00bb, les hommes sont incapables de le comprendre<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Il est \u00e0 l’origine de la pens\u00e9e humaine, c’est le code qui nous permet de mettre des id\u00e9es et des images en relation et de les formuler pour les partager, et les transmettre. Le logos est \u00e0 l’origine de la pens\u00e9e humaine, il est la raison cr\u00e9atrice de sens\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0par la parole l’homme parvient \u00e0 se repr\u00e9senter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, \u00e0 lui donner un sens\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span>Apr\u00e8s H\u00e9raclite la notion de Logos, assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 la fois \u00e0 la raison et \u00e0 la parole, va d\u00e9signer la rationalit\u00e9 qui dirige le monde.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Philon d’Alexandrie, philosophe juif contemporain de J\u00e9sus va int\u00e9grer ce concept dans la culture juive\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0C’est l’image de Dieu la plus ancienne de toutes les choses intelligibles\u00a0\u00bb <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(F.Lenoir, comment J\u00e9sus est devenu Dieu p. 120)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Le\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Livre de la Sagesse<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(appel\u00e9 en grec\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>Sagesse de Salomon<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span> 9:1-2, nous d\u00e9couvrons que Dieu a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le monde \u00e0 partir de sa parole (logos) tandis qu’avec sa sagesse il a form\u00e9 l’homme\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1 Dieu des p\u00e8res et Seigneur mis\u00e9ricordieux qui as fait l\u2019univers par ta parole,(<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>logos )<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2 form\u00e9 l\u2019homme par ta Sagesse afin qu\u2019il domine sur les cr\u00e9atures appel\u00e9es par toi \u00e0 l\u2019existence,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Sagesse 9<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ce livre de r\u00e9daction grecque fait partie du canon des\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00c9critures<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0inspir\u00e9es pour les\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>catholiques<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>\u00a0et les\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>orthodoxes<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span>, mais ne figure pas au canon des \u00e9critures h\u00e9bra\u00efques ou protestantes.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jean l’\u00e9vang\u00e9liste va encore insister en citant des \u00ab\u00a0paroles de J\u00e9sus\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00ab\u00a0En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, en v\u00e9rit\u00e9, je vous le dis, avant qu\u2019Abraham f\u00fbt, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Je Suis<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Jn 8:58) ce qui va naturellement horripiler les juifs qui l’entourent dans le temple de J\u00e9rusalem.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si nous nous reportons maintenant au Premier Testament, nous d\u00e9couvrons que \u00ab\u00a0Je Suis\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

mandate Mo\u00efse (Ex 3:14) pour exprimer devant le peuple les dix paroles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Je suis qui je suis\u00a0\u00bb l’\u00e9nigmatique identit\u00e9 de ce Dieu qui va se transcrire par \u00ab\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>YHWH\u00a0\u00bb et se faire nommer \u00ab\u00a0Le SEIGNEUR\u00a0\u00bb ou <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Adona\u00ef\u00a0\u00bb (H\u00e9breu\u00a0: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d0\u05b2\u05d3\u05b9\u05e0\u05b8\u05d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>),\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Mes Seigneur<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, qui est la forme \u00ab\u00a0plurielle\u00a0\u00bb de \u00ab\u00a0Seigneur\u00a0\u00bb, bien que syntacticalement singulier\u00a0, pour \u00e9viter de prononcer son nom en vain, nom qui a finalement \u00e9t\u00e9 comme effac\u00e9 de la m\u00e9moire et de la tradition.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le nom divin sugg\u00e8re, pour utiliser une expression moderne, la totalit\u00e9 de l’\u00eatre et de l’existant\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9crit Mircea Eliade son \u00ab\u00a0Histoire des croyances et des id\u00e9es religieuses\u00a0\u00bb, (p.192)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dans la traduction grecque du Premier Testament, le t\u00e9tragramme \u00ab\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>YHWH\u00a0\u00bb est traduit par \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00bb qui est traduit par \u00ab\u00a0SEIGNEUR\u00a0\u00bb celui qui est tr\u00e8s vite associ\u00e9 au terme de \u00ab<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DAVAR \u00a0\u00bb la parole cr\u00e9atrice de la Gen\u00e8se… seule mani\u00e8re d’appr\u00e9hender l’identit\u00e9 divine. C’est cette m\u00eame identit\u00e9 \u00e0 qui est attribu\u00e9e la cr\u00e9ation et les dix paroles qui sont au c\u0153ur m\u00eame de l’enseignement de J\u00e9sus de Nazareth<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Abraham Heschel \u00e9crit que \u00ab\u00a0L’h\u00e9breu biblique n’a pas d’\u00e9quivalent au mot \u00ab\u00a0chose\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0objet\u00a0\u00bb. Le mot \u00ab<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DAVAR \u00a0\u00bb, qui plus tard servira \u00e0 traduire \u00ab\u00a0chose\u00a0\u00bb, signifie en h\u00e9breu biblique: parole, mot, message, nouvelle, demande, promesse, d\u00e9cision, r\u00e9cit, dicton, affaire, occupation, actions, bonnes actions, \u00e9v\u00e9nement, fa\u00e7on, mani\u00e8re, raison, cause; mais jamais \u00ab\u00a0chose\u00a0\u00bb ni \u00ab\u00a0objet\u00a0\u00bb. Est-ce le signe d’une pauvret\u00e9 de vocabulaire, ou plut\u00f4t l’indication d’une juste vue du monde, qui ne confond pas la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 (mot d\u00e9riv\u00e9 du latin <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>res<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, chose ) avec le monde des objets ?\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La tradition du premier testament en grec aliment\u00e9 par la LXX (70) utilise le terme de <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Logos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> pour traduire <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DAVAR ce qui ne pouvait \u00e9chapper \u00e0 Jean l\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9liste, ni \u00e0 J\u00e9sus lui m\u00eame qui baignait dans la culture hell\u00e9nistique de la r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 jusqu’\u00e0 aujourd’hui la pratique de diverses langues est une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 qui s’impose naturellement… Et nous retrouvons le<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios\u00a0\u00bb dont nous lisons l’identification avec J\u00e9sus dans les \u00e9vangiles.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quand les amis d’Emma\u00fcs reviennent et disent\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0C\u2019est bien vrai\u00a0! Le <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Seigneur<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> est ressuscit\u00e9, et il est apparu \u00e0 Simon.\u00a0\u00bb <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Lc24:34) <\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>c’est bien ce <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios\u00a0\u00bb qui est identifi\u00e9 \u00e0 J\u00e9sus. Celui qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0certifi\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb par la \u00ab<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DAVAR \u00a0\u00bbde \u00ab\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>YHWH\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>il y eut une voix venant de la nu\u00e9e\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Celui\u2013ci est mon Fils bien\u2013aim\u00e9. \u00c9coutez\u2013le\u00a0!\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> comme le raconte l’\u00e9vang\u00e9liste Marc dans le r\u00e9cit du bapt\u00eame de J\u00e9sus <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Mc 9:7)<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nous sommes donc dans une \u00e9laboration th\u00e9ologique de la personnalit\u00e9 de J\u00e9sus de Nazareth, dont nous ignorons absolument s’il \u00ab\u00a0savait\u00a0\u00bb que ces attributions messianiques allaient lui donner le statut divin dont la trinit\u00e9 allait couronner son identit\u00e9 quelques ann\u00e9es \/ si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s sa mort.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

En cons\u00e9quence, l’affirmation \u00ab\u00a0je suis\u00a0\u00bb dans la bouche de J\u00e9sus (dans les textes qui lui ont \u00e9t\u00e9s attribu\u00e9s) doit \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9e dans le contenu signifiant de ses paroles qui sont traditionnellement attribu\u00e9es au \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios\u00a0\u00bb\u00ab\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>YHWH\u00a0\u00bb … <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pourtant, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>6 lui qui est de condition divine n\u2019a pas consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une proie \u00e0 saisir d\u2019\u00eatre l\u2019\u00e9gal de Dieu. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>7 Mais il s\u2019est d\u00e9pouill\u00e9, prenant la condition de serviteur, devenant semblable aux hommes, et, reconnu \u00e0 son aspect comme un homme, 8 il s\u2019est abaiss\u00e9, devenant ob\u00e9issant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mort, \u00e0 la mort sur une croix.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> (Phil.2:6-8)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Si historiquement Marie est envisag\u00e9e comme m\u00e8re de Dieu, cela se comprend naturellement, car elle est m\u00e8re de J\u00e9sus et qu’il est devenu \u00ab\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Kurios\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d3\u05d1\u05e8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>DAVAR\u00a0\u00bb de \u00ab\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u05d9\u05d4\u05d5\u05d4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>YHWH\u00a0\u00bb … <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

La syntaxe et la dogmatique produisent d’\u00e9tranges associations\u00a0!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2 est un concept qui appara\u00eet au 6e si\u00e8cle av JC et qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 explicit\u00e9 \u2013 si on peut dire \u2013 par H\u00e9raclite d\u2019\u00c9ph\u00e8se qui d\u00e9plorait que \u00ab\u00a0ce logos qui \u00ab\u00a0est toujours\u00a0\u00bb, les hommes sont incapables de le comprendre\u00a0\u00bb Il est \u00e0 l’origine de la pens\u00e9e humaine, c’est le code qui nous permet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-non-classe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bernardvanbaalen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}